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Q1: Why is fasting required before an abdominal ultrasound?
A1: Fasting for 6-8 hours reduces bowel gas and optimizes organ visibility.
Q2: What is the initial position for an abdominal ultrasound?
A2: The patient should be positioned supine, with additional positions used as needed.
Q3: How are equipment settings optimized during an abdominal ultrasound?
A3: Appropriate transducers should be used, and settings optimized for each structure.
Q4: What images should be documented for a thorough examination?
A4: Both longitudinal and transverse images of all examined structures must be recorded.
Q5: When should cine loops or video clips be used?
A5: They are used for documenting vascular flow or moving structures.
Q6: What views are required for liver imaging?
A6: Longitudinal, transverse, and oblique views are needed.
Q7: What are the key landmarks in liver imaging?
A7: The right lobe, main portal vein, and hepatic veins are important landmarks.
Q8: What is the normal craniocaudal length of the liver?
A8: It is normally 15-17 cm.
Q9: What echotexture is expected in a healthy liver?
A9: The liver should have a homogeneous echotexture.
Q10: What abnormalities should be checked for in liver imaging?
A10: Look for cysts, masses, or bile duct dilation.
Q11: What are the standard views for gallbladder imaging?
A11: Longitudinal and transverse views should be captured.
Q12: Where is the gallbladder located?
A12: It is in the gallbladder fossa, inferior to the liver.
Q13: What is the normal thickness of the gallbladder wall?
A13: The wall should be ≤ 3 mm.
Q14: What contents of the gallbladder should be evaluated?
A14: Check for stones, sludge, or masses.
Q15: What surrounding abnormalities should be assessed?
A15: Look for pericholecystic fluid or signs of inflammation.
Q16: How is the pancreatic head identified?
A16: It is located near the duodenum.
Q17: What is the echotexture of normal pancreatic tissue?
A17: It should appear homogeneous and slightly hyperechoic.
Q18: How are the pancreas measurements recorded?
A18: Measure the size of the head, body, and tail.
Q19: What abnormalities should be evaluated in the pancreas?
A19: Check for masses or ductal dilatation.
Q20: What are the standard views for spleen imaging?
A20: Longitudinal and transverse views should be taken.
Q21: Where is the spleen located?
A21: It is in the left upper quadrant, beneath the diaphragm.
Q22: What is the normal craniocaudal length of the spleen?
A22: The length is typically 10-12 cm.
Q23: What abnormalities are checked in spleen imaging?
A23: Assess for splenomegaly and focal lesions.
Q24: How are the kidneys identified in ultrasound?
A24: The right kidney is located inferior to the liver, and the left kidney is posterior to the spleen.
Q25: What is the normal length of the kidneys?
A25: The normal range is 9-12 cm.
Q26: What aspects of kidney echotexture are evaluated?
A26: The differentiation between the cortex and medulla should be assessed.
Q27: What abnormalities are checked in the kidneys?
A27: Look for stones, hydronephrosis, or masses.
Q28: What views are required for bladder imaging?
A28: Longitudinal and transverse views should be captured.
Q29: What is the normal wall thickness of a distended bladder?
A29: The thickness should be ≤ 3 mm.
Q30: How is the bladder lumen evaluated?
A30: It should appear anechoic, with no masses or debris.
Q31: What is the normal post-void residual volume?
A31: It should be less than 50 ml.
Q32: How is the prostate imaged?
A32: Use a transabdominal approach through a full bladder.
Q33: What is the normal size of the prostate?
A33: The normal volume is ≤ 30 cc (4 × 3 × 2.5 cm).
Q34: What should be evaluated in the prostate?
A34: Assess echotexture, focal lesions, and signs of enlargement.
Q35: What views are required for uterus imaging?
A35: Longitudinal, transverse, and oblique views should be taken.
Q36: What are the normal measurements of the uterus?
A36: Length: ~7.5 cm, Width: ~4.5 cm, Thickness: ~3 cm.
Q37: What is assessed in the uterus echotexture?
A37: The myometrium should have a homogeneous appearance.
Q38: How are ovaries measured?
A38: The normal size is ~3 × 2 × 1 cm.
Q39: What should be checked in ovarian evaluation?
A39: Count and measure follicles, and check for cysts or masses.
Q40: Why is a systematic approach important?
A40: It ensures consistent, thorough examinations.
Q41: What should be documented for each organ?
A41: Measurements, echotexture, and any pathological findings.
Q42: How should protocols be adapted for patients?
A42: Adjust based on clinical history, physical limitations, and diagnostic needs.
Q43: What practices maintain high ultrasound standards?
A43: Continuous education, peer review, and regular equipment maintenance.
Q44: Why is patient feedback important?
A44: It helps address patient concerns and improve care.
Q45: What ensures quality documentation?
A45: Recording findings in both longitudinal and transverse planes.
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